据传说，沙皇彼得大帝在1697年的西欧航行中，往家里寄去了俄罗斯的第一袋马铃薯。但在之后的一个多世纪里，这种新的块茎作物被广泛认为是有毒的，并被视为"魔鬼的苹果".
而被人们避而远之。19世纪中期，俄罗斯农民最终开始对马铃薯产生了兴趣，并开始一发不可收拾。: 到1973年，俄罗斯联邦与当时同属于苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟的的白俄罗斯和乌克兰一起每年生产超过1亿吨马铃薯。自那时起，马铃薯种植面积逐年下降，俄罗斯在过去15年的年产量稳定在3500万吨左右。
尽管如此，俄罗斯联邦仍然是一个"马铃薯生产巨头",产量在2007年仅次于中国。俄罗斯人平均每年消耗130公斤马铃薯。超过90％的俄罗斯马铃薯种植在家庭用地和私人农场，平均每公顷产量为13吨。病虫害是一个主要问题:科罗拉多甲虫、晚疫病和病毒每年导致马铃薯损失多达400万吨。 （来源:国际马铃薯年）
Agricultural Statistics 俄罗斯联邦
| Potato Production in 2017 : | 29590000.00 | tonnes | Official data | ℹ |
| Potato Area Harvested in 2017 : | 1889210.00 | ha | Official data | ℹ |
| Potato Yield in 2017 : | 156626.00 | hg/ha | Calculated data | ℹ |
| Potato Production in 2016 : | 31107800.00 | tonnes | Official data | ℹ |
| Potato Area Harvested in 2016 : | 2030860.00 | ha | Official data | ℹ |
| Potato Yield in 2016 : | 153176.00 | hg/ha | Calculated data | ℹ |
| Potato Production in 2015 : | 33645800.00 | tonnes | Official data | ℹ |
Consumption Statistics 俄罗斯联邦
| Potatoes (Fresh and Processed) , Consumption (Crop Equivalent) in 2011: | 111.45 | kg/capita/year | ℹ | Potatoes (Fresh and Processed) |
| Sweet Potatoes , Consumption (Crop Equivalent) in 2011: | 0.00 | kg/capita/year | ℹ | Sweet Potatoes |
| Potatoes (Fresh and Processed) , Consumption (Crop Equivalent) in 2010: | 105.10 | kg/capita/year | ℹ | Potatoes (Fresh and Processed) |
| Sweet Potatoes , Consumption (Crop Equivalent) in 2010: | 0.00 | kg/capita/year | ℹ | Sweet Potatoes |
| Potatoes (Fresh and Processed) , Consumption (Crop Equivalent) in 2009: | 113.03 | kg/capita/year | ℹ | Potatoes (Fresh and Processed) |
| Sweet Potatoes , Consumption (Crop Equivalent) in 2009: | 0.00 | kg/capita/year | ℹ | Sweet Potatoes |
| Potatoes (Fresh and Processed) , Consumption (Crop Equivalent) in 2008: | 112.33 | kg/capita/year | ℹ | Potatoes (Fresh and Processed) |
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