数千年来，马铃薯一直都是秘鲁膳食中必不可少的食物。考古证据显示，马铃薯在秘鲁安第斯山区的种植至少有8000年的历史，并且最近的研究表明马铃薯的起源中心位于秘鲁，就在的的喀喀湖的北侧。
现在，秘鲁的农民们种植四种马铃薯——Solanum tuberosum和其他三种安第斯山区专有的马铃薯品种。
秘鲁也是拉丁美洲最大的马铃薯生产国，2007年取得接近340万吨的创纪录产量。
在秘鲁，主要的马铃薯生产区域为Huánuco、Huancavelica、Junín、Apurímac、Ayacucho和Arequipa。
秘鲁年人均马铃薯消费量达到80公斤的高水平。马铃薯主要由小农生产，通常种植在海拔2500米到4500米的安第斯山脉中部地区，而沿海较小范围的谷地则采用灌溉系统的商业化生产。
在秘鲁马铃薯中发现的大量遗传多样性被认为受到新的商业品种的“威胁”，而这些商业品种的种植通常是为了满足城市消费者的喜好。为了帮助保存该国丰富的马铃薯遗产，秘鲁政府于2008年7月创建了全国性的秘鲁本地马铃薯品种名录。（来源：国际马铃薯年）
| Potato Production in 2022 : | 6021030.00 | t | Official figure | ℹ |
| Potato Area Harvested in 2022 : | 341468.00 | ha | Official figure | ℹ |
| Potato Yield in 2022 : | 176328.00 | 100 g/ha | Official figure | ℹ |
| Sweet Potato Production in 2022 : | 275995.00 | t | Official figure | ℹ |
| Sweet Potato Yield in 2022 : | 180830.00 | 100 g/ha | Official figure | ℹ |
| Sweet Potato Area Harvested in 2022 : | 15263.00 | ha | Official figure | ℹ |
| Potato Production in 2021 : | 5661440.00 | t | Official figure | ℹ |
| Potatoes (Fresh and Processed) , Consumption (Crop Equivalent) in 2021: | 95.86 | kg/capita/year | ℹ | Potatoes (Fresh and Processed) |
| Sweet Potatoes , Consumption (Crop Equivalent) in 2021: | 6.66 | kg/capita/year | ℹ | Sweet Potatoes |
| Potatoes (Fresh and Processed) , Consumption (Crop Equivalent) in 2020: | 88.03 | kg/capita/year | ℹ | Potatoes (Fresh and Processed) |
| Sweet Potatoes , Consumption (Crop Equivalent) in 2020: | 5.29 | kg/capita/year | ℹ | Sweet Potatoes |
| Potatoes (Fresh and Processed) , Consumption (Crop Equivalent) in 2019: | 91.67 | kg/capita/year | ℹ | Potatoes (Fresh and Processed) |
| Sweet Potatoes , Consumption (Crop Equivalent) in 2019: | 6.78 | kg/capita/year | ℹ | Sweet Potatoes |
| Potatoes (Fresh and Processed) , Consumption (Crop Equivalent) in 2018: | 90.44 | kg/capita/year | ℹ | Potatoes (Fresh and Processed) |
